Most of you probably never heard of Gary Kildall. Maybe that’s due to a single bad decision Gary made - if he decided otherwise he might be a rich and famous man today, and nobody would know about a certain Bill Gates.
Gary Kildall, born in 1942, was a computer scientist, pioneer and entrepreneur. In 1973 he he developed the first high-level programming language for microprocessors, called PL/M, as well as one of the first operating systems for personal computers, called CP/M. He then created his own company, Digital Research (DRI), to market his new OS.
To allow using CP/M on various hardware platforms, Kildall invented a method to implement hardware specific code in a single library - the BIOS concept was born. Within the next few years, the CP/M BIOS design allowed CP/M to became the most important operating system for computers. By 1981, at the peak of its popularity, CP/M ran on 3000 different computer models and DRI had $5.4 million in yearly revenues.
In 1980, IBM was designing its new Personal Computer (PC) to challenge the popular home computer systems Apple and other companies were offering. A small company called Microsoft was due to ship a BASIC interpreter for the upcoming IBM PC. The founder, Bill Gates, suggested to license CP/M as standard OS for the new PC.
But then, Gary made a huge mistake. A meeting with IBM had been arranged, but Gary decided to deliver software using his private airplane and missed it.
Instead the IBM representatives met with Gary’s wife Dorothy, who managed the company’s business affairs. IBM requested the signature of a non disclosure agreement (NDA), but Dorothy refused this on the advice of her attorney. Apprently the IBM managers were frustrated about the results as they quickly needed an OS for their machine, they returned to Bill Gates and asked him to find another OS for them.
A few weeks later, Gates decided to license a CP/M clone from Seattle Computer Products (SCP). IBM shipped the CP/M clone as PC-DOS, and Microsoft shipped it as MS-DOS. (…) Microsoft became the most important OS company in the world, only by marketing a non-official CP/M clone under their own label.
{ Kirps }
Kildall obtained a copy of PC-DOS, examined it, and concluded that it infringed on CP/M. But the intellectual property law for software was not clear enough to sue (the law later developed in what might have been DRI’s favor). Instead Kildall only threatened IBM with legal action, and IBM responded with a proposal to offer CP/M-86 as an option for the PC in return for a release of liability.
Kildall accepted, believing that IBM’s new system would not be a significant commercial success. When the IBM PC was introduced, IBM sold its operating system as an unbundled (but necessary) option. One of the operating system options was Microsoft’s PC-DOS, priced at US$40. CP/M-86 shipped a few months later at $240. (…)
Novell acquired DRI in 1991 in a deal that netted millions for Kildall. (…)
On July 8, 1994, Kildall sustained an injury at a Monterey restaurant and refused treatment. The circumstances of the injury remain unclear, with various sources claiming he fell from a chair, fell down steps, or was assaulted. He died three days later at the Community Hospital of Monterey Peninsula, and the coroner’s report identified the cause of death as blunt force trauma to the head consistent with a fall.
{ wikipedia }